INTRODUCTION

Thyroid cancer is three times more common in women than in men. It appears in the cells of thyroids. It is located in a butterfly-like-shaped organ in the neck below the Adam’s apple. In the first few phases, thyroid cancer can be asymptomatic, but as it tends to enlarge, it can cause severe problems. Though in this cancer the rate of improvement is good. In these types of thyroid cancer, some grew vigorously and some very slowly. This article will direct you to know about thyroid cancer, its symptoms, and treatment in a simple way. Which can help you at the time of your diagnosis and will alert you through the tests and diagnosis, which are held at the time of treatment. Thyroid cancer is curable but can impact a normal, happy life. Scroll down to know why.

THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF THYROID CANCER

Thyroid cancer may not have any signs and symptoms at the first few stages but can create a few thyroid cancer symptoms as it starts growing. It is better to go to a doctor if you are suffering from any kind of symptoms that are making you worried. A few of them are
● Husky voice or unexpected change in the voice.
● Pain and soreness in my throat and neck.
● Swollen lymph nodes in the neck. difficulty while eating and swallowing.
● Nodules or lumps can be visible from the skin on the neck.
● Breathing problems.
● A sore throat Later thyroid cancer can cause affect the secretion of thyroid hormone and flushing and diarrhoea can be a reason

STAGES OF THYROID CANCER

There are several types of cancer. The classification of thyroid Cancer is based fully upon cells Found in the tumor. To find out the tissue of cancer, a small tissue is collected to examine under a microscope. Later it is helpful to acknowledge which type of thyroid cancer it is.

● Follicular thyroid cancer—Follicular cancers are cancers that especially come from the follicular cells of the thyroid. This is the second most common type of thyroid. It affects mostly people over 50 years old, over 10% of people, and is less common in children. Research says another type of follicular cell, which is also known as the Hürthle cell, is powerful and vigorous.
● Papillary thyroid cancer – This type of cancer is a very common form of thyroid cancer found in people. papillary thyroid cancer is cancer that arises from the follicular cell of the thyroid and can affect people of all ages (mostly 30-60 years). The doctor often refers to follicular thyroid and papillary thyroid simultaneously as differentiated thyroid cancer. Follicular cancer affects 85% of thyroid cancer patients, and most are asymptomatic.
● Medullary thyroid cancer—This form of thyroid cancer arises from thyroid cells that are called C cells. The C cell in the body produces the hormone calcitonin, which elevates the calcitonin level in the blood, which turns out to be easy to diagnose medullary thyroid cancer at a very early stage. Sometimes genetic inheritance can be a reason to increase the risk of medullary cancer, though this is a rare one. These cancers are tender to the touch and can be very painful.
● Anaplastic thyroid cancer – This is a very rare type of thyroid cancer; only 1% of cases are found with a very low recovery rate. Anaplastic thyroid cancer rises from the follicular cell of the thyroid, which stores and produces thyroid hormone. As this is too difficult to prognose and grow rapidly. Anaplastic thyroid cancer mostly occurs in adult people of 60 and above.
● Other rare types— The other rare types of thyroid cancer mostly begin in the thyroid, which also includes thyroid lymphoma and thyroid sarcoma. The two thyroids, in which thyroid lymphoma usually initiates with the immune system, and thyroid sarcoma begins with connective tissue cells of the thyroid.

CAUSES OF THYROID CANCER

There is no particular cause of thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer happens when the cells go through miscellaneous genetic changes, which are called mutations. Later mutation allows the cells to multiply and grow very rapidly. The cell tends to lose its control and die. These abnormal thyroid cells turn out to be tumours. The abnormal cell later captures all other tissue in their body and can spread all over the body.

TREATMENT OPTION FOR THYROID CANCER

The thyroid cancer treatment is based upon the types of thyroid cancer.
● Follicular cell cancer If the biopsy turns out to be a failure and the particular result is unclear. The treatment might further be called a follicular neoplasm. If the follicular neoplasm turns out to be cancer, surgery can be the only option. Surgery is often done to remove part of the thyroid gland just to remove the tumor or cancer. The doctor might clarify whether the half removal is justified or the patient has to remove the whole one. For most patients, removal of the whole thyroid gland isn’t necessary.
● Papillary cancer After the surgery of the tumour, people are treated in 2 stages Radioactive iodine treatment (RAI) is used after thyroidectomy in early stages (T1 OR T2 and has
a very good recovery rate. RAI is also given in advanced cases like T3 and T4 thyroid cancer that have spread all over the lymph nodes and distant areas. If the area spread does not respond to
RAI, the chances of treating with
1. Target therapy
2. Radiation therapy.
3. Chemotherapy
4. External beams are provided.
● Medullary thyroid cancer MTI is subdivided into two kinds of disorders – Pheochromocytoma and parathyroid tumors. In Pheochromocytoma tumour screening is important because any kind of surgery and Anesthesia can be dangerous to the patient when the tumor is there. If the doctor rectified the thyroid, they might provide medication and an injection before the surgery to make the surgery safe. The surgery Stage 3 and 4, the surgery is same 1 and 2, the treatment is given can be

1. External beam radiation therapy is given to reduce the chance of repetition in
the neck.
2. Targeted drugs such as vandetanib or cabozantinib may be prescribed.

3. Chemotherapy is provided because they are very hard to deal with.
4. Clinical trials
● Anaplastic cancer Surgery is the only option for this type of thyroid cancer. Here is some therapy which is given at the time of anaplastic cancer
1. External beam radiation
2. Chemotherapy (if needed)
If cancer has fully spread, chemotherapy is the only option. If the cells have converted into
various genes, drug therapy can be an option. The drugs can be
1. Selpercatinib (Retevmo)
2. Dabrafenib (Tafinlar)
3. Larotrectinib (vitrakvi)

 

Thyroid cancer is very common to treat. It is also divided into 4 to 5 sub-parts, and treating them might turn easy at the first few stages. The types of thyroid cancer, papillary and follicular, are more curable. If the treatment turns out to be critical, surgeries and chemo can be needed. The surgeries, treatment, or further procedures should only be done by a proper surgeon. radiation oncologist, medical oncologist, or endocrinologist with all your medical history. The thyroid sometimes can be caused by the sole reason of genetics, but most of the time it is unknown. The article is a summary of thyroid cancer and its symptoms and treatment.